Basic First Aid
Objective:
Identify basic First Aid procedures to use in emergency situations.
ALL Responses must be recorded on your TASK SHEET.
Identify basic First Aid procedures to use in emergency situations.
ALL Responses must be recorded on your TASK SHEET.
Emergency Situations
Recognizing an emergency is the first step in responding to an emergency. Recognizing an emergency may be difficult at times. You may become aware of an emergency because of certain things you observe such as unusual noises, sights, smells, symptoms and signs, or behavior. Below are examples.
Unusual Sights: Fire
Unusual Behavior/Appearance: Someone stumbling
Unusual Odor/Smells: Smelling gas
Unusual noises: Glass breaking
TASK # 1 - List another example for each of the following on your task sheet.
Unusual Sights:
Unusual Behavior/Appearance:
Unusual Odor/Smells:
Unusual noises:
Unusual Sights: Fire
Unusual Behavior/Appearance: Someone stumbling
Unusual Odor/Smells: Smelling gas
Unusual noises: Glass breaking
TASK # 1 - List another example for each of the following on your task sheet.
Unusual Sights:
Unusual Behavior/Appearance:
Unusual Odor/Smells:
Unusual noises:
Reasons Why People Don't Get Involved
People are often hesitant to get involved in an emergency situation for many reasons. Psychologists even have a name for this, called the "bystander effect".
Imagine the following scenario:
A crowd of people witness a car accident outside of the Sheetz in Cresson. One person was not wearing a seat belt and was ejected and is lying face down and not moving. In the other car, the person was wearing a seat belt and has cuts/abrasions on their face and is attempting to get out of the car.
TASK #2 - List 2 reasons why some people may not stop to offer help or assistance in this emergency situation.
Then, from the list of reasons you provided, list two things that could be done or strategies to overcome these barriers.
People are often hesitant to get involved in an emergency situation for many reasons. Psychologists even have a name for this, called the "bystander effect".
Imagine the following scenario:
A crowd of people witness a car accident outside of the Sheetz in Cresson. One person was not wearing a seat belt and was ejected and is lying face down and not moving. In the other car, the person was wearing a seat belt and has cuts/abrasions on their face and is attempting to get out of the car.
TASK #2 - List 2 reasons why some people may not stop to offer help or assistance in this emergency situation.
Then, from the list of reasons you provided, list two things that could be done or strategies to overcome these barriers.
Good Samaritan Laws
Link to describe Good Samaritan Laws
http://definitions.uslegal.com/g/good-samaritans/
Current PA Code related to PA's Good Samaritan Law
http://www.legis.state.pa.us/cfdocs/legis/LI/consCheck.cfm?txtType=HTM&ttl=42&div=0&chpt=83&sctn=32&subsctn=0
TASK # 3- Using the websites above, in 3-5 sentences summarize the Good Samaritan Law and what it might mean to someone responding to an emergency.
Link to describe Good Samaritan Laws
http://definitions.uslegal.com/g/good-samaritans/
Current PA Code related to PA's Good Samaritan Law
http://www.legis.state.pa.us/cfdocs/legis/LI/consCheck.cfm?txtType=HTM&ttl=42&div=0&chpt=83&sctn=32&subsctn=0
TASK # 3- Using the websites above, in 3-5 sentences summarize the Good Samaritan Law and what it might mean to someone responding to an emergency.
Consent
If at all possible, you should attempt to gain consent from the individual that is in need. State your name (if the individual is unfamiliar to you) and ask if you can be assistance. If the individual refuses, do not give care but call 911 if an emergency.
Sometimes consent is implied. A person in an emergency may not be capable or able to give consent. Another example is a child or infant.
TASK # 4- Give another example of a situation in which consent might be implied.
If at all possible, you should attempt to gain consent from the individual that is in need. State your name (if the individual is unfamiliar to you) and ask if you can be assistance. If the individual refuses, do not give care but call 911 if an emergency.
Sometimes consent is implied. A person in an emergency may not be capable or able to give consent. Another example is a child or infant.
TASK # 4- Give another example of a situation in which consent might be implied.
Administering Care - The 3-C's
CHECK - Check the Scene, Check for Life Threatening Conditions
CHECK - Check the Scene, Check for Life Threatening Conditions
- Check the scene for anything that threatens the safety of you, the injured person or any other bystanders. Examples are: immediate dangers, fire, flood, poisonous gases.
- Check for life-threatening conditions. Some examples are unconsciousness, severe bleeding, and trouble breathing.
- If you are concerned about life-threatening conditions and a second responder is available, send them to call for medical assistance.
- Only move a person if:
- The scene is not safe or becoming unsafe.
- You need to reach another person with more serious injury.
- You need to move a person to give emergency care.
Injuries
Wounds, Burns, and Broken Bones
Teens Health: First Aid & Injuries
http://kidshealth.org/en/teens/safety/first-aid?ref=search
TASK # 5 - Use the link provided above to read the article for these three common injuries: Dealing with Cuts and Wounds, Dealing with Burns, Dealing with Broken Bones. For each injury summarize the care (at least 3 ways you the first responder to give care) and name one reason you should call for additional medical help.
Shock
Web MD - Shock
http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/shock-topic-overview
TASK # 6 - Use the site provided above and give the definition of shock, 2 signs or symptoms of shock, and 3 keys to remember when giving care.
Teens Health: First Aid & Injuries
http://kidshealth.org/en/teens/safety/first-aid?ref=search
TASK # 5 - Use the link provided above to read the article for these three common injuries: Dealing with Cuts and Wounds, Dealing with Burns, Dealing with Broken Bones. For each injury summarize the care (at least 3 ways you the first responder to give care) and name one reason you should call for additional medical help.
Shock
Web MD - Shock
http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/shock-topic-overview
TASK # 6 - Use the site provided above and give the definition of shock, 2 signs or symptoms of shock, and 3 keys to remember when giving care.
Injury to Muscles, Joints and Bones
Teens Health: Broken Bones
http://kidshealth.org/en/parents/broken-bones.html
TASK # 7 - Use the link provided to answer the following questions related to first aid care for injuries to muscles, bones and joints.
If there is an "open break" (bone protruding through the skin) what key steps must you take? (Name 3)
For Sprain or Strain injuries, what does the acronym R.I.C.E. stand for when giving care?
Teens Health: Broken Bones
http://kidshealth.org/en/parents/broken-bones.html
TASK # 7 - Use the link provided to answer the following questions related to first aid care for injuries to muscles, bones and joints.
If there is an "open break" (bone protruding through the skin) what key steps must you take? (Name 3)
For Sprain or Strain injuries, what does the acronym R.I.C.E. stand for when giving care?
Choking
TASK # 8 - Watch the video at the link above ( https://youtu.be/DE45ks9miIw) and finish filling in the 4 steps for care for someone who is choking and describe the different for care if you can't reach around the mid-section of the victim. Remember that this is after you have checked the scene, sent someone to call 9-1-1, and gained consent if possible.
Step 1: Place your one foot ________________________ .
Step 2: Place thumb side of fist just above _____________________.
Step 3: Cover fist with the _______________________.
Step 4: Push ______________ and ______________ deeply into the abdomen until the obstruction is cleared.
Describe the difference for care for a person who is choking and is pregnant or your arms will not reach around the mid-section of the victim.
Step 1: Place your one foot ________________________ .
Step 2: Place thumb side of fist just above _____________________.
Step 3: Cover fist with the _______________________.
Step 4: Push ______________ and ______________ deeply into the abdomen until the obstruction is cleared.
Describe the difference for care for a person who is choking and is pregnant or your arms will not reach around the mid-section of the victim.
Building a First Aid Kit
TASK # 9 - In this assignment your will choose (circle) one job you are going to be pretending you have for the summer.
General First Aid Kit
http://www.walmart.com/ip/Johnson-Johnson-Red-Cross-All-Purpose-First-Aid-Kit-125-pc/44298773%20-%20about
In addition to this general First Aid kit for $10 you have been given an additional $40 to purchase specific items not included in your First Aid kit. You are to include at least 4 additional essential or beneficial items to have based on your job you chose above.
Use these sites provided to help you when thinking about what additional items you may need to include with your basic first aid kit provided.
Camping/Hiking: http://www.wta.org/hiking-info/basics/like-your-life-depends-on-it-building-your-first-aid-kit
Packing for Beach: http://helloglow.co/beach-bag-first-aid-kit/
Fieldtrip: http://www.earlychildhoodnews.com/earlychildhood/article_view.aspx?ArticleID=322
Building your additional Items: Make sure you have 4 additional items and they can’t be kits. You may use only the two stores provided below to purchase your items. You must include: Quantity (how many), Description and or Item number, website you used to purchase, price of the items and your rationale (why this is important to include with kit).
Stores:
www.walmart.com
http://www.e-firstaidsupplies.com/
- Camp Counselor
- Parent Packing for the Beach
- School Nurse packing for field trip to Hersheypark.
General First Aid Kit
http://www.walmart.com/ip/Johnson-Johnson-Red-Cross-All-Purpose-First-Aid-Kit-125-pc/44298773%20-%20about
In addition to this general First Aid kit for $10 you have been given an additional $40 to purchase specific items not included in your First Aid kit. You are to include at least 4 additional essential or beneficial items to have based on your job you chose above.
Use these sites provided to help you when thinking about what additional items you may need to include with your basic first aid kit provided.
Camping/Hiking: http://www.wta.org/hiking-info/basics/like-your-life-depends-on-it-building-your-first-aid-kit
Packing for Beach: http://helloglow.co/beach-bag-first-aid-kit/
Fieldtrip: http://www.earlychildhoodnews.com/earlychildhood/article_view.aspx?ArticleID=322
Building your additional Items: Make sure you have 4 additional items and they can’t be kits. You may use only the two stores provided below to purchase your items. You must include: Quantity (how many), Description and or Item number, website you used to purchase, price of the items and your rationale (why this is important to include with kit).
Stores:
www.walmart.com
http://www.e-firstaidsupplies.com/
Compression Only CPR
Compression ONLY CPR (Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation)
What is It?
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a lifesaving technique useful in many emergencies, including heart attack or near drowning, in which someone's breathing or heartbeat has stopped. The American Heart Association recommends that everyone — untrained bystanders and medical personnel alike — begin CPR with chest compressions.
It's far better to do something than to do nothing at all if you're fearful that your knowledge or abilities aren't 100 percent complete. Remember, the difference between your doing something and doing nothing could be someone's life
How it Works?
CPR can keep oxygenated blood flowing to the brain and other vital organs until more definitive medical treatment can restore a normal heart rhythm.
When the heart stops, the lack of oxygenated blood can cause brain damage in only a few minutes. A person may die within eight to 10 minutes.
To learn CPR properly, take an accredited first-aid training course, including CPR and how to use an automated external defibrillator (AED). If you are untrained and have immediate access to a phone, call 911 before beginning CPR. The dispatcher can instruct you in the proper procedures until help arrives.
What is It?
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a lifesaving technique useful in many emergencies, including heart attack or near drowning, in which someone's breathing or heartbeat has stopped. The American Heart Association recommends that everyone — untrained bystanders and medical personnel alike — begin CPR with chest compressions.
It's far better to do something than to do nothing at all if you're fearful that your knowledge or abilities aren't 100 percent complete. Remember, the difference between your doing something and doing nothing could be someone's life
How it Works?
CPR can keep oxygenated blood flowing to the brain and other vital organs until more definitive medical treatment can restore a normal heart rhythm.
When the heart stops, the lack of oxygenated blood can cause brain damage in only a few minutes. A person may die within eight to 10 minutes.
To learn CPR properly, take an accredited first-aid training course, including CPR and how to use an automated external defibrillator (AED). If you are untrained and have immediate access to a phone, call 911 before beginning CPR. The dispatcher can instruct you in the proper procedures until help arrives.
TASK # 10 - : CPR VIDEO – Fill In Notes
Watch the video provided above ( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Yqk5cHXsko&feature=youtu.be) and answer the missing word/s below.
If you see someone who has collapsed. Follow these steps:
** KEY POINT: Most people who survive a cardiac emergency are helped by a bystander.
Watch the video provided above ( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Yqk5cHXsko&feature=youtu.be) and answer the missing word/s below.
If you see someone who has collapsed. Follow these steps:
- Check the scene for ______________ and see if the person responds to you by taping them on the shoulder and shouting, “Are you okay?”
- Briefly look for _________________.
- Call 9-1-1.
- If the person is not breathing/gasping, prepare to give chest compressions.
- Kneel besides the victim.
- Put your heel of one hand on ____________ of the chest, interlock the other hand.
- Position shoulders ________________________________________over hands, arms ______________ and fingers off the chest.
- Kneel besides the victim.
- Push hard and ___________, at least two inches then let the chest rise completely before ____________ down again. Don’t take your ____________ off of the chest, just your _____________.
- Keep Going! Don’t stop ________________ until the victim shows an obvious signs of:
- _______________ ____________ ______________,
- The scene is becoming unsafe,
- AED (Automated External Defibulator) is ready,
- Too __________________ to continue,
- Trained responder takes over
** KEY POINT: Most people who survive a cardiac emergency are helped by a bystander.